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Effects of Self-selected Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Psychophysiological Responses in Physically Inactive Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Elsangedy, HM, Oliveira, GTA, Machado, DGDS, Tavares, MPM, Araújo, AO, Krinski, K, Browne, RAV, Gregório da Silva, S
Perceptual and motor skills. 2021;(1):467-491
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week self-selected resistance training (SSRT) program on physical fitness and psychophysiological responses among physically inactive older women. We randomly allocated 32 inactive older women (M age = 66.0 years, SD = 3.0) into either an SSRT (n = 16) or control group (n = 16). Participants performed SSRT three times per week over 12 weeks. We assessed maximal isotonic and isokinetic muscle strength, functional capacity, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition at baseline and after the intervention. Affective responses and perceived exertion were evaluated after each exercise set throughout the training program. The SSRT group significantly improved their maximal muscle strength in all exercises (Cohen's d ranging from 1.4-3.3; all p's < .001), peak torque (knee flexors: d = 1.7; knee extensors: d = 1.6; all p < .001), flexibility (knee flexors: d = 1.7; single hip flexors: d = 1.6; all p < .001; bilateral hip flexors: d = 1.1, p = .001), fat-free mass (d = .9, p = .008), and cardiorespiratory fitness (d = .9, p = .014), compared to the control group. All components of functional capacity improved compared to the control group (Cohen's d ranging from .8 to 5.5; all p's ≤ .001). Participants perceived the exercise training sessions as pleasant and of low to moderate effort. Thus, a 12-week SSRT program was effective at improving physical fitness and inducing feelings of pleasure among inactive older women.
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Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in hypertensive older adults: An accelerometer-based analysis.
Browne, RAV, Macêdo, GAD, Cabral, LLP, Oliveira, GTA, Vivas, A, Fontes, EB, Elsangedy, HM, Costa, EC
Experimental gerontology. 2020;:111121
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reports the accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in hypertensive older adults. METHODS Thirty-five hypertensive older adults were included in this observational study. Accelerometer-based PA and SB measures were assessed before (January to March 2020) and during (June 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Linear mixed models were used to assess within-group changes in PA and SB measures, adjusted by accelerometer wear time. RESULTS Before COVID-19 pandemic participants presented: 5809 steps/day (SE = 366), 303.1 min/day (SE = 11.9) of light PA, 15.5 min/day (SE = 2.2) of moderate-vigorous PA, and 653.0 min/day (SE = 12.6) of SB. During COVID-19 pandemic there was a decrease in steps/day (β = -886 steps/day, SE = 361, p = 0.018), in moderate-vigorous PA (β = -2.8 min/day, SE = 2.4, p = 0.018), and a trend in light PA (β = -26.6 min/day, SE = 13.4, p = 0.053). In addition, SB increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (β = 29.6 min/day, SE = 13.4, p = 0.032). The magnitude of changes was greater on the weekend, mainly for steps/day (β = -1739 steps/day, SE = 424, p < 0.001) and the SB pattern (more time spent in bouts of ≥10 and 30 min, less breaks/day and breaks/h). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic may elicit unhealthy changes in movement behavior in hypertensive older adults. Lower PA, higher and more prolonged SB on the weekend are the main features of the behavioral changes.
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Physical Activity Counseling for Adults with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.
Sousa Junior, AE, Macêdo, GAD, Schwade, D, Sócrates, J, Alves, JW, Farias-Junior, LF, Freire, YA, Lemos, TMAM, Browne, RAV, Costa, EC
International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;(17)
Abstract
The effect of physical activity counseling (PAC) in hypertensive adults is unclear. This study investigated the effect of PAC on blood pressure (BP), physical activity level, sitting time, metabolic profile, and body composition in hypertensive adults. Twenty-two hypertensive adults (48.8 ± 7.3 years) participated in this pilot trial. The 12-week PAC was based on the 5 A's model considering the FITT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type) of physical activity. The control group received instructions about FITT in one face-to-face meeting at baseline. Pedometer-measured physical activity, sitting time, resting and ambulatory BP, metabolic profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose), and body composition (fat mass, abdominal fat, fat free mass) were assessed. The PAC group showed higher steps per day (5839 ± 992 vs. 5028 ± 902; p = 0.044) and a trend for lower sitting time (5.6 ± 1.3 vs. 8.0 ± 4.0 h/day; p = 0.059) than the control group. No changes were observed in BP, metabolic profile, and body composition (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 12 weeks of a PAC program based on the 5 A's model resulted in a modest increase of ~800 steps per day and a trend to decrease ~2 h/day in sitting time, but there were no associated reduction in BP and improvements in metabolic and body composition.
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Effect of Breaks in Prolonged Sitting or Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults With Excess Body Fat: A Crossover Trial.
Freire, YA, Macêdo, GAD, Browne, RAV, Farias-Junior, LF, Bezerra, ÁDL, Fayh, APT, Farias Júnior, JC, Boreskie, KF, Duhamel, TA, Costa, EC
Journal of physical activity & health. 2019;(9):727-735
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the effect of walking breaks or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) on markers of metabolic syndrome relative to a day of prolonged sitting. METHODS Twenty-five adults with excess body fat participated in this crossover trial: (1) 10-hour sitting day (SIT), (2) LV-HIIE followed by a sitting day (EX+SIT), and (3) sitting day with 5-minute walking breaks for every 20 minutes (SIT+WB). Glucose and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and 1 hour after 4 meals and 2 hours after lunch. Triglycerides were measured at baseline, 2, and 3.5 hours after lunch. Generalized mixed models were used to identify differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of BP and incremental AUC (iAUC) of glucose and triglycerides among the sessions. RESULTS iAUC-glucose was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -35.3 mg/dL·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -52.5 to -8.2). AUC-diastolic BP was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -14.1 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.5 to -1.6) and EX+SIT (β = -14.5 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.9 to -2.1). There were no differences in triglycerides and systolic BP levels among the sessions. CONCLUSION Adults with excess body fat present lower glucose and diastolic BP during a day with breaks in sitting time compared with a prolonged sitting day with or without an LV-HIIE session.
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Aerobic Training Improves Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Costa, EC, DE Sá, JCF, Stepto, NK, Costa, IBB, Farias-Junior, LF, Moreira, SDNT, Soares, EMM, Lemos, TMAM, Browne, RAV, Azevedo, GD
Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2018;(7):1357-1366
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a supervised aerobic exercise training intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQL), cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiometabolic profile, and affective response in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Twenty-seven overweight/obese inactive women with PCOS (body mass index, ≥ 25 kg·m; age 18 to 34 yr) were allocated into an exercise group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 13). Progressive aerobic exercise training was performed three times per week (~150 min·wk) over 16 wk. Cardiorespiratory fitness, HRQL, and cardiometabolic profile were evaluated before and after the intervention. Affective response (i.e., feeling of pleasure/displeasure) was evaluated during the exercise sessions. RESULTS The exercise group improved 21% ± 12% of cardiorespiratory fitness (P < 0.001) and HRQL in the following domains: physical functioning, general health, and mental health (P < 0.05). Moreover, the exercise group decreased body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol level (P < 0.05). The affective response varied from "good" to "fairly good" (i.e., positive affective response) in an exercise intensity-dependent manner during the exercise training sessions. CONCLUSIONS Progressive aerobic exercise training improved HRQL, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic profile of overweight/obese women with PCOS. Moreover, the participants reported the exercise training sessions as pleasant over the intervention. These results reinforce the importance of supervised exercise training as a therapeutic approach for overweight/obese women with PCOS.